Essay on Human Cloning is not a Moral Issue - 985 Words

Human Cloning is not a Moral Issue There has been an onslaught of protests and people lobbying for a ban on human cloning ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned by Dr. Wilmut and his colleagues. Not only has the media exploited the ethics of the issue and scared the public with images of Frankenstein and evil scientists, but many worldwide authorities such as President Bill Clinton, Jacques Chirac of France, and Prime Minister John Major of Great Britain have all spoken out publicly against human cloning and have proposed legislation and committees to regulate and/or ban it. Religious leaders and the Pope have also talked about human clonings dangers of Playing God and the loss of uniqueness that an individual would suffer if he†¦show more content†¦(Madigan, 6) The moral issues in cloning are similar to past issues faced by society such as nuclear energy, recombinant DNA, and computer encryption. There have always been religious and moral objections to new technology and change merely because they are different and because we are creatures of habit. As the International Academy of Humanism put it, A view of human nature rooted in humanitys mythical past ought not to be our primary criterion for making moral decisions about cloning. (Madigan, 3) A second argument against human cloning is that the DNA donor and the cloned recipient will have a loss of uniqueness and individuality. Reverend Moraczewski once again asserts that cloning improperly robs people of their uniqueness. (Madigan, 8) But arent identical twins autonomous and unique individuals? Proponents of the uniqueness objection fail to realize that natural-born twins possess identical genes, just as a donor and its clone would have. In fact, clones of humans would differ more than identical twins, given the age difference of the donor and the clone, and therefore the different environments in which each matures. People are, as a whole, more than the sum of their parts. While genes lay the foundation, people are a product of their feelings, experiences, and relationships. Genes are only the groundwork of who people are, they do notShow MoreRelated Animal and Human Cloning: Moral, Ethical, and Regulatory Issues2517 Words   |  11 PagesAnimal and Human Cloning: Moral , Ethical, and Regulatory Issues Dolly, woolly, innocent, and sweet, strongly contrasts with the severity of the issues that she has raised. Ever since the news surfaced that Dr. Ian Wilmut had succeeded in cloning a sheep, people around the world have been participating in a frenzied debate over the morality of cloning animals, and more importantly human beings. The cloning of animals and humans could help the world in unprecedented ways, but could also give riseRead MoreCloning Essays1271 Words   |  6 PagesCloning The most significant problem our world has with newfound controversies is that most people take one side on the issue before they become educated on the topic at hand. This is the same problem that I see with the controversial issue of cloning. Whether one argues for or against the cloning of humans or animals, most people leave out the ethics and morals behind the issue. People see movies like Multiplicity, starring Michael Keaton (a movie in which Michael Keaton clones himselfRead MoreGenetic Engineering : Medical Perfection Or Playing God1280 Words   |  6 PagesThesis Statement â€Å"Genetic engineering differs from cloning in key ways. Whereas cloning produces genetically exact copies of organisms, genetic engineering refers to processes in which scientists manipulate genes to create purposefully different versions of organisms—and, in some cases, entirely new living things†, duplication of genetic cells is known as human cloning. Development of genetic engineering biotechnologies undermines the natural autonomy of life. Does genetic engineering interfereRead MoreThe Consequences Of Cloning In Frankenstein By Mary Shelley1470 Words   |  6 PagesThe invention of cloning, both a blessing and a curse, can possibly enable humanity to reach eternal life. An invention is the creation of a device developed after a study or an experiment, in the hopes of benefiting society. The novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley is about an inventor, Victor Frankenstein, who creates life that he later rejects. His invention results in consequences for both himse lf and his creation. Both cloning and the creation of the monster was made to benefit and advance society’sRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Cloning872 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many arguments against cloning. Leon R. Kass bases his argument on repugnance in his article The Wisdom of Repugnance. He is a well-known physician, educator and scientist. Kass perceives cloning as offensive, grotesque revolting, repulsive and wrong. To establish his argument he states, â€Å"Most people recoil from the prospect of mass production or human being, with large clones of look-alikes, compromised in their individuality.†1 His rationale is cloning is unnatural, because it is asexualRead More Cloning More Ethically Acceptable than Global Warming Essays843 Words   |  4 Pages Cloning More Ethically Acceptable than Global Warming nbsp; One day soon, human clones will walk among us. Does the thought send a shiver up your spine? How about the notion of eating french fries from a potato engineered with jellyfish genes to make its leaves bioluminescent? We should consider our responses to both issues now, before reality comes knocking at the door. Several groups have announced intentions to clone humans, and the bioluminescence gene has already been successfully incorporatedRead More Is Human Cloning Another Frankenstein? Essay1272 Words   |  6 Pages Is Human Cloning Another Frankenstein? nbsp; The creation of life by unnatural method is a question that Mary Shelleys Frankenstein addresses. Through the events that result from Victors attempt to bestow life to the inanimate, Shelley concludes that it is inappropriate for man to play god. With the advent of the science of creation, cloning, scientists now face the same problem that Shelley raised years ago. The applications of such research are numerous, all varying in severity. In whatRead MoreThe Recreation Of Life956 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent cases of cloning, and focuses on the former in his ethical discussion of cloning humans. The first case of cloning discussed is the cloning of a human to be used as an organ bank, just in case the donor is in need of the cloned individual’s body parts, tissues, or organs. However, the individual may not even be considered so because their brain will have been manipulated to eliminate any capacity for consciousness or sense of being, practically turning the individual into a human incubator housingRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill s Philosophy On The Morality And Ethical Nature Of The Subject1507 Words   |  7 Pagessubject. Cloning can be viewed a few different ways based on the teachings in philosophy one follows. Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is a branch of philosophy, which bases its understanding of right action on consequences. More precisely, an act is considered right if it creates the most happiness (pleasure), and the least pain, for the greatest number of people affected by that action. In this way, utilitarianism is sometimes called a moral calculus. A utilitarian approach to cloning would lookRead MoreHuman Cloning Debate: The Fate of Frankenstein1671 Words   |  7 Pagesrestricted moral boundaries to those of the Victorians, likely see Victors main crime within the novel more the perverse way in which the creation is carried out and more importantly Victors failure to nurture the offspring; his crime is against the traditional framework of the family (Feldman and Scott-Kilvert, 1987). Position Statement- At the very essence of the Frankenstein myth is the idea that humans have the technology and wisdom to create or duplicate life. This idea, cloning, is neither

Essay on Othello as a Black Man in a White Society

Othello as a Black Man in a White Society Shakespeares play,Othello, explores themes of love and passion, otherness, jealousy, revenge and order vs. Chaos, which all revolve mainly around the protagonist, Othello. Surrounded by Venetians within a white society, Othello begins to realise his otherness thus his insecurities as an outside and a Moor increase. The deceptive Iago uses these dangerous blemishes in Othellos personality to manipulate the moral Othello, using his one fatal flaw, jealousy. During the 16th Century, the Elizabethan audiences attentiveness and familiarity of the thin line between order and chaos would have added to the tragic story of Othello. This was due to the†¦show more content†¦What he meant by this is that Othello is a foreigner to all, because of his blackness he can never fit in. However, this is ironic as the people of Venice accepted Othello as a righteous and valiant general in the army, due to his brave act of protecting the Venetians from the evil grasp of the Turkish people. Interestingly enough, these Venetians dont compare Othello to the supposedly iniquitous Turks because he had defeated them, so they placed him higher up in the hierarchy of racial and social class. Iago expresses his own opinion that Othello is an erring barbarian which is very ironic as Othello has the status of a shielding warrior, a generous being that is a strong part of the army. Roderigo calls him the lascivious Moor and tends to see Othellos black colour as a sign of dirtiness and obscenity. The characters in Othello may possible have felt that Othello was a threat due to his otherness in his appearance, such as his thick lips. Othellos character is overtly and crudely sexualised, which is also a disadvantage to Othello as other characters begin to believe that he is aggressive and sadistic. Black people, during the time of Shakespeare, were mysterious to the white society. Venetians were not used to seeing and living with people of other races and feared them because they were not familiar withShow MoreRelatedOthello, By William Shakespeare1709 Words   |  7 Pages A society consists of diverse cultures, looks, values, and beliefs. In a world with one predominant culture, those perceived as different from the norm are associated with negative images and treated inferior to the superior culture. The negative images associated with color, specifically blackness, has a detrimental effect on the victims who are racially stereotyped. The character Othello is a unique character in English literature, because unlike the other members of society, Othello is an outsiderRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare9 41 Words   |  4 PagesBlack Racism and the public’s reliance on stereotypes to judge individuals of a different decent can be traced throughout literature. The Elizabethan’s are no exception, and as their view of the word grew so did the permeation of racism and xenophobia in their society. Theater in Elizabethan England was full of stereotypical black characters that further perpetuated society’s racist tendencies. One play that challenged these stereotypes was Williams Shakespeare’s play Othello which depicts theRead MoreOthello Discrimination Essay1020 Words   |  5 Pages Othello: Downfall by Discrimination When Shakespeare wrote Othello, black people were seen as inferior to white people. The play takes place in Venice in the 1500’s, a progressive city growing rapidly with new ideas and cultures. Not all introductions were welcomed, however. The Arab culture, known as the Moors, was seen as â€Å"brute, cowardly, lustful, savage, and diabolical† (Toker 1). They were stereotyped as inferior based on skin color, religious beliefs, and attitudes. To Venetians, the appearanceRead MoreEssay about Racism in Othello862 Words   |  4 PagesRacism is inextricably linked to the story of Othello and presents several universal themes, still prominent in modern society. It is this that questions what sort of message Shakespeare intended to convey to his audience; was Othello the black ‘moor’, portrayed as a tragic hero? Or did his character eventually come to resemble the prejudices of which he was a victim? A text rich with ethical debate, Othello is a story of black a nd white, culture, fate, and ultimately good versus bad. Racial ‘otherness’Read MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1515 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare’s Othello is seemingly about the blooming affection between a man and a woman. However, it is a love story gone wrong—or is portrayed as so by the author. In the historical context of Othello, which is set during the Turkish-Venetian war in the 16th century, it is essential to emphasize that Othello is the love story between Othello, the Moorish general, and Desdemona, the Venetian lady. This racial difference is most problematic to the eyes of the white Venetian society, allowing charactersRead MoreExploring How the Symbolism and Imagery of Blackness Help Shakespeare to Create Meaning in Othello795 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare to Create Meaning in Othello Shakespeare uses various symbol of blackness to express negative and racist attitudes. He does this to meet the expectations of the Elizabethan audience, who held certain misconceptions about black people. Shakespeare uses this early in the play and involves characters such as Brabantio, Iago and Roderigo, this also assist in the construction of imagery. These racist remarks are directed towards Othello and the majority of the racistRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello And Racial Interactions With The Ones From New York City962 Words   |  4 PagesThe book Othello show similarities to racial interactions with the ones from New York City. However, looking closer at the play, â€Å"Othello†, seem to show us many interesting aspects of cultural differences. It seems that not only, racial and cultural differences were unconventional, but also â€Å"unnatural†. As an illustration, within first act of â€Å"Othello†, Roderigo and Iago encounter Brabanito and make many _not nice__ remarks towards the relationship between Brabanito’s daughter and Othello. Iago saysRead MoreKahron Fyffe. . World Literature . . Dr. Fiore. . 28 April1036 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature Dr. Fiore 28 April 2017 Othello: Hero or Stranger Othello is a hero due to being a hardened and vicious warrior on the battlefield but he is also a tragic hero in this play. A tragic hero by definition is a literary character who makes a judgment error that inevitably leads to his/her own destruction. For example Othello is the husband of Desdemona whom he murders because he has been misled by the villainous IagoRead MoreOthello - A Play That Transcends Time Essay941 Words   |  4 Pagesworld of Shakespeare’s Othello. It is through my exploration of these perspectives and their relationship with changing morals and values that has enriched my understanding of the play. One such reading of the play challenges the marginalisation and objectification of woman in a patriarchal Venetian society, while taking into account the changing role of women in modern society. Another interpretation of Othello examines its post colonial elements through the protagonist Othello, and his insecuritiesRead MoreOthello, By William Shake speare1140 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Othello† is a play written by William Shakespeare in 1603. In this play, Shakespeare features three major characters: Othello, Iago, and Desdemona. Othello, a black man, and Desdemona, a white venetian secretly eloped in the play. Iago shows racism and prejudice towards their relationship because of their skin colors. In the play, Iago says: â€Å"Even now, now, very now, an old black ram is tupping your white ewe. Arise, arise! Awake the snorting citizens with the bell, or else the devil will make a

Destroying Your Health By Smoking Cigarettes Essay Example For Students

Destroying Your Health By Smoking Cigarettes Essay If you really want to ruin your health then smoking cigarettes is one ofthe best ways I know how to do it. Smoking cigarettes cause lung cancer,emphysema, and the one thing that most people notice right off hand is badbreath. If you are into destroying your health, I want you to follow these stepso that you can be on your way to an unhappy and unhealthy life, number one buythe cigarettes, number two smoke them, and number three this one is reallyimportant never ever quit smoking. I have found that most people who want to destroy themselves quicklywill smoke a no filtered brand of cigarettes, so let say you picked out thebrand Pallmall-Reds. I understand these are one of the strongest brands ofcigarettes you can buy. Yes, there are plenty of other brands of cigarettes outthere but why bother going threw all that money to pick the right one when youcan take my word on it? These are really strong cigarettes. How do I know,because take one out and look at it, you will notice that there is no filter onthe end of it. Due to no filter you will get none of the toxins filteredWithout filtering out some of the toxins you will destroy yourself quicker; thatis the goal we are seeking, is it not? Lets take out one of our friends (we willcall them that to be funny) and look at it. It is about five to six inches inlength, maybe a half inch wide with little brown things that look somewhat likecoffee grounds inside a thin white paper cylinder. Smell it, a significantnumber of people actually enjoy the way tobacco products smell, but they willnot smoke them. I myself find that ominously odd. Now smoking the cigarette is very important. If you do not smoke it youwill not reach your goal to destroy your health. So let us begin with thelighting of the cigarette. Place the cigarette in your mouth, just the tip ofit. Do not bother with looking to put the filtered end in your mouth, becauseif you remember there is no filter on is brand of cigarette. After you haveplaced our friend in your mouth you will need to tilt your head. Tilting issomething most people do when lighting up, this process is what majority ofpeople do. Now when you tilt your head it really does not make a differencewhich way you tilt it. In my opinion when tilting occurs you will tilt left orright depending on which hand you use, then again I am no expert on tilting tolight up. At this time we will light the end that is opposite of the end thatis in our mouths. We will call this end of the cigarette the cherry, thisterm is slang and the only slang term I know. Notice the reddish, orange glowthat occurs after you have lit the cherry. Some people say that is it abeautiful color. Now that we have started the procedure to destroying yourhealth, let make sure we never forget to inhale. Inhaling is how you get thecigarette smoke into your lungs, which in turn (somehow) places the toxins intoyour body. The proper why to inhale cigarette smoke is to exhale (letting allthe air out of you lungs) first, then place the cigarette in your mouth as wediscussed before and draw in on the cigarette. Inhaling is just like taking ina deep breath. If you need to practice before you start with the real thing, Iwould recommend do that. I would recommend doing a little practicing first. .u086d82e238aaae49dff1ca53a18c45b1 , .u086d82e238aaae49dff1ca53a18c45b1 .postImageUrl , .u086d82e238aaae49dff1ca53a18c45b1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u086d82e238aaae49dff1ca53a18c45b1 , .u086d82e238aaae49dff1ca53a18c45b1:hover , .u086d82e238aaae49dff1ca53a18c45b1:visited , .u086d82e238aaae49dff1ca53a18c45b1:active { border:0!important; } .u086d82e238aaae49dff1ca53a18c45b1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u086d82e238aaae49dff1ca53a18c45b1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u086d82e238aaae49dff1ca53a18c45b1:active , .u086d82e238aaae49dff1ca53a18c45b1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u086d82e238aaae49dff1ca53a18c45b1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u086d82e238aaae49dff1ca53a18c45b1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u086d82e238aaae49dff1ca53a18c45b1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u086d82e238aaae49dff1ca53a18c45b1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u086d82e238aaae49dff1ca53a18c45b1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u086d82e238aaae49dff1ca53a18c45b1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u086d82e238aaae49dff1ca53a18c45b1 .u086d82e238aaae49dff1ca53a18c45b1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u086d82e238aaae49dff1ca53a18c45b1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Resopnse To Revolution EssayAll right now that we are on the right road to destroying our healthlets remember that we should never ever try to quit. Quitting is something thatwell only help you in making your health better, and that is not the goal wehave set for ourselves. Cigarettes help keep you thin and give you energy ifyou quit you will only get remarkably obese on top of becoming extraordinarilytired. Sure maybe that only happens to some people, but if you do quit you willmost likely become a healthier person in the long run. We can not let thathappen. Now can we?Remember the steps I have laid out for you buy the cigarettes a strongnon-filtered one is the best. Smok e them, after you have practiced try gettingup to at least six packs a day, and the last and most important thing never evertry to quit, it will only make your life a living hell. Besides this is thebest way to destroy your health, and is that not what you are trying to do. Just think you will be just like thousands maybe millions of other people whoare on the same road. Category: Science

Integrating Online And Offline Strategies †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Integrating Online And Offline Strategies? Answer: Introducation A business plan is essential for the start-up business, as this allows the business organizations to evaluate the strengths and weakness of the organization and the market. The main aim of the report is to prepare a business plan for the start-up of a fitness center named Anytime Fitness in Perth, Australia ("Perth - Anytime Fitness", 2017). The company aim towards establishing partnership by considering the opinions and viewpoints of the members of the fitness club along with the companies that provide different types nutritional supplements. In order to increase the value of the fitness business, Anytime Fitness has segmented the potential customers ("Anytime Workouts | Free Fitness App - Anytime Fitness", 2017). Financial Plan for Anytime Fitness The startup cost for the fitness center Anytime Fitness includes the blueprint of the overall business plan and structure. The components of the startup cost include funding of the owner, average monthly cost, and the fixed cost. The total funding of the owner has amounted to $100,000. Customer Segmentation As commented by Han, Lu Leung (2012), customer segmentation allows the business organizations to develop products or services and the price based on the demands and income of the customers. Therefore, appropriate customer segmentation will allow Anytime Fitness to develop products, services, and price according to the target customers. The main target customers for Anytime finance include the different types of members in the fitness center. Other than fitness facilities, the center provides facilities such as steam bath, spa, toning, resistance training, and bodybuilding. Additionally, the fitness center will be operating 24 hours thereby, providing an opportunity for the customers to avail the fitness facilities according to their convenience (Floh et al., 2014). The fitness center has also categorized the members in order to offer maximum services to the customers based on the price paid by them (Hamka et al., 2014). The customer categorization includes VIP training, personal training, special service, membership and direct membership. Additionally, identifying the distinctive nature of the secondary customers has helped Anytime Fitness to consider the interest of the non-members for using the services of the fitness center. The non-members of the fitness center avail the services for buying health supplements, nutritional consultation and other exclusive services (Hjort et al., 2013). Relationship with target customers Considering the market competition and the convenience of the customers, Anytime Fitness will be operating 24 hours a day. The operating time of the fitness center will be beneficial for the organization initially. Firstly, the main aim of the fitness center is to recruit personal trainers that will help in providing suitable guidance to the members. According to Boulding et al., (2013), customer relationships are significant for the companies as this enables success y fulfilling the needs and demands of the customers. In order to build customer relationships, Anytime Fitness plans to use internet facilities such as web and social media. Additionally, the company also plans to use SMS and WhatsApp for building an effective customer relationship. According to the value proposition, the fitness center needs to consider the different values (Mithas, Krishnan Fornell, 2013). Moreover, in order to improve the service of the fitness center, Anytime Fitness needs to consider the feedbacks of the customers or the members of the gym. Value Proposition The primary aim of Anytime Fitness is to build a single workout environment so that the customers are able to get personalized fitness solutions. In addition to, the fitness center emphasizes on the age group of 15- 66 years. Targeting the customers within the age group will allow the company to develop services according to their health needs (Andrews et al., 2013). The fitness center has also opened the option of online blogs that will provide an opportunity for the customers to share their viewpoints, opinions, and suggestions. The company can consider the customer feedbacks for developing their business (Armstrong et al., 2015). Other facilities provided by the company website includes various types of mix and match opportunities. The opportunities will act as suggestions for the customers so that they are able to decide the appropriateness and suitability of the health facilities. The primary aim of the Anytime Fitness is to create a higher value for the customers at an affordab le price (Osterwalder et al., 2014). Market Channel As commented by Patino , Pitta Quinones (2012), marketing is the most crucial aspect for the business organizations as this helps the company in communicating the product to the target customers thereby, increasing the sales. Therefore, business organizations use both online and offline market channels for communicating with their target customers. Similarly, Anytime Fitness will use both online and offline channels for marketing the exclusive fitness facilities to the target customers. The principle offline marketing channels include posters, organizing events and campaigns along with television commercials. The use of offline marketing channels will help the company in communicating with the customers that do not use internet facilities (Roberts Zahay, 2012). Additionally, the various online marketing channels include promotion through Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube. Use of Social Media As commented by Tuten Solomon (2014), social media is the most widely used internet platform in the modern world. In order to remain updated and maintain effective communication people around the world use the social media. Reports suggest that Instagram has more than 180 million fitness users (Saravanakumar SuganthaLakshmi, 2012). This is because Instagram allows the users to view posts of professionals and enthusiasts of fitness. It has been observed that customers are interested in live videos from the fitness professionals or brands. Therefore, Anytime Fitness can use Instagram for posting videos from the partners thereby, entertaining and engaging the target customers. As the target customers are aged between 15-66 years, some of the customers might find using social media difficult. Therefore, considering this aspect, Anytime Fitness will also implement offline methods of communicating with the target customers. The offline methods implemented by Anytime Fitness include SMS, posters and television commercials. Sending messages at regular intervals to the customers will help in engaging the customers. Additionally, television commercials and posters will also help in engaging the target customers along with providing them with suitable knowledge about the services provided by the fitness center. Facebook is the most widely used social media recently. The users in order to follow various brands and remain communicated use Facebook. Therefore, Anytime Fitness can use Facebook for engaging the customers. Anytime Fitness will include YouTube as an online medium for engaging the customers thereby, increasing the customer base and business. Thus, the use of different social media will allow Anytime Fitness to establish them successfully in the fitness industry. The use of Facebook, Instagram and YouTube will provide an opportunity for the Anytime Fitness to post and share live videos that display the different services provided by the fitness center. Key Resources The principal resources for the business organizations will help Anytime Fitness to establish their business appropriately (Abecassis-Moedas et al., 2012). The key resources for Anytime Fitness include the suppliers of the nutritional supplements and gym equipment. Therefore, Anytime Fitness will only tie up with the suppliers that will provide the best and most affordable price for the products. The secondary key resources include the health professionals that will provide suitable training to the members. Key Activities The key activities of the business organizations need to be aligned with the aim and objectives of the company thereby, enabling success (Ward, 2016). Therefore, based on the aim and objectives, the key activities for Anytime Fitness include training for the members of the fitness center along with developing diet plan according to the health needs of the members. The additional key activities include body massage and a steam bath that will help the members lose weight and experience the leisure. Partner The topmost fitness equipment brands are the principal partners of Anytime Fitness. Other than them, the suppliers of the nutritional supplements will also be the key partners for Anytime Fitness. This will help the company in establishing them thereby, attracting the customers. Cost Structure and Revenue Streams The company has categorized the members of the gym in terms of Personal and VIP training, direct membership and special service membership. Based on the categories, the principal cost of the company includes the cost of the nutritional supplements and the fitness types of equipment. $9250 is the break-even revenue of the startup business. The startup cost for Anytime Fitness is furnished below: Start-up Expenses Fixed Costs Particulars Amount (USD) Monthly Rent 10,500 Staff Remuneration 35,000 Marketing Fees 1,036 Exercise Equipment 4,500 Flooring 6,500 Interest on loan 10% 2,500 Cleaning Supplies 1,650 Office Equipment 1,250 Gym Supplies 2,250 Other Gym Supplies 1,650 Lease payments 8,000 Market survey 1,975 Preliminary Expenses 1,200 Total Fixed Costs $ 78,011.00 Average Monthly Costs Infrastructure $ 875.00 Lease payments $ 666.67 Interest on loan 10% $ 208.33 Cleaning Supplies $ 137.50 Flooring $ 541.67 Staff Remuneration $ 2,916.67 Total Average Monthly Costs $ 5,345.83 x Number of Months: $ 12.00 Total Monthly Costs $ 64,150.00 Total Startup Expenses $ 142,161.00 Start-up Assets Owner Funding Owners Fund $ 100,000.00 Total Owner Funding $ 100,000.00 Loans Bank Loan $ 22,200.00 Other Total Loans $ 22,200.00 Total Start up Funds $ 122,200.00 Assets Gym Equipments $ 27,000.00 Land Building $ 125,000.00 Total Fixed Assets $ 152,000.00 Total Start-up Assets $ 274,200.00 Year 0 FY-1 FY-2 (a) CAPITAL Capital Employed 100,000 103,000 Loans 22,200 Loan repayments 0 15,000 (b) SALES FORECAST Special Service Membership 26,000 28,600 Direct Membership 37,000 40,700 Personal and VIP Training 33,300 34,965 Projected Sales 96,300 104,265 (c) COST OF GOODS SOLD 88,800 93,240 (d) EXPENSES (Overhead) Monthly Rent 10,500 10,500 Staff Remuneration 35,000 36,750 Marketing Fees 1,036 1,088 Exercise Equipment 4,501 4,726 Flooring 4,810 5,051 Interest on loan 10% 2,220 2,220 Cleaning Supplies 1,221 1,850 Office Equipment 925 971 Gym Supplies 1,665 2,450 Other Gym Supplies 1,221 2,125 Lease payments 5,920 6,216 Market survey 1,462 1,535 Preliminary Expenses 888 932 (e) FIXED ASSETS Gym Equipment 27,000 36,000 Land Building 125,000 128,750 (1) SALES FORECAST Year 0 1 2 Projected Sales 96,300 104,265 (b) Cost of Goods Sold 88,800 93,240 (2) CASHFLOW FORECAST Year 0 1 2 CASH INFLOWS Cash from Sales 96,300 104,265 Directors loans 0 22,200 0 Capital Employed 0 100,000 103,000 TOTAL CASH INFLOW 0 218,500 207,265 CASH OUTFLOWS Payments for Operating Expenses 88,800 93,240 Monthly Rent 0 10,500 10,500 Staff Remuneration 0 35,000 36,750 Marketing Fees 0 1,665 2,450 Lease payments 0 5,920 6,216 Corporation Tax 1,124 1,716 Market survey costs 0 1,462 1,535 Other preliminary expenses 0 888 932 capital expenditure Gym Equipment 0 27,000 36,000 financing repayments Loan repayments 15,000 TOTAL CASH OUTFLOWS 0 172,359 204,339 Cash flow summary NET CASH FLOW FOR PERIOD 0 46,141 2,926 OPENING CASH BALANCE 0 0 46,141 CLOSING CASH BALANCE 0 46,141 49,068 (3) DEPRECIATION SCHEDULE Year 0 1 2 Fixed Assets Gym Equipment 0 27000 36000 Land Building 0 125,000 128,750 Total book values (i.e. net fixed assets) 0 152,000 164,750 Annual Depreciation Gym Equipments-10% straight line 2,700 3,600 Land Building-20% reducing balance 25,000 25,750 total annual depreciation 27,700 29,350 (4) PROFIT AND LOSS FORECAST Year 0 1 2 Revenue 0 96,300 104,265 Cost of sales 0 88,800 93,240 Gross profit 0 7,500 11,025 Gross Margin 90,812 95,888 Expenses/overheads Monthly Rent 10,500 10,500 Staff Remuneration 35,000 36,750 Marketing Fees 1,036 1,088 Exercise Equipment 4,501 4,726 Flooring 4,810 5,051 Interest on loan 10% 2,220 2,220 Cleaning Supplies 1,221 1,850 Office Equipment 925 971 Gym Supplies 1,665 2,450 Other Gym Supplies 1,221 2,125 Lease payments 5,920 6,216 Market survey 1,462 1,535 Preliminary Expenses 888 932 Profit before tax 6,612 10,093 Tax @ 17% 1,124 1,716 Profit after tax 5,488 8,377 Transfer to reserves 6,612 10,093 Breakeven Analysis Breakeven Sales Value = average fixed cost/% contribution Contribution % 50% Revenue Contribution Fixed Cost Profit 96300 48150 364.08 47785.92 104265 52132.5 364.08 51768.42 910.2 455.1 364.08 91.02 1092.24 546.12 364.08 182.04 Balance Sheet Assets FY-1 FY-2 Current Assets Cash $ 181,609.04 $ 225,166.74 Accounts receivable $ 96,300.00 $ 104,265.00 Total current assets $ 277,909.04 $ 329,431.74 Fixed (Long-Term) Assets Gym Equipments $ 27,000.00 $ 36,000.00 Land Building $ 125,000.00 $ 128,750.00 (Less accumulated depreciation) $ 27,700.00 $ 29,350.00 Intangible assets $ 50,700.00 Total fixed assets $ 175,000.00 $ 135,400.00 Total Assets $ 452,909.04 $ 464,831.74 Liabilities and Owner's Equity Current Liabilities Accounts payable $ 24,000.00 $ 25,000.00 Accrued Rent $ 10,500.00 $ 10,500.00 Bank Charges Payable $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 Short-term loans $ 10,000.00 $ 10,000.00 Income taxes payable $ 1,124.04 $ 1,715.74 Accrued salaries and wages $ 35,000.00 $ 36,750.00 General Expenses $ 1,665.00 $ 2,450.00 Lease Payment $ 5,920.00 $ 6,216.00 Current portion of long-term debt $ 150,000.00 $ 140,000.00 Total current liabilities $ 241,209.04 $ 235,631.74 Long-Term Liabilities Long-term debt $ 22,200.00 $ 90,000.00 Less: Loan Repayment $ 15,000.00 Deferred income tax $ 189,500.00 $ 154,200.00 Total long-term liabilities $ 211,700.00 $ 229,200.00 Total Liabilities $ 452,909.04 $ 464,831.74 Owner's Equity Owner's investment $ 100,000.00 $ 103,000.00 Net Profits $ 5,487.96 $ 8,376.86 Reserve and Surplus $ 6,612.00 $ 10,092.60 Total owner's equity $ 112,099.96 $ 121,469.46 Total Liabilities and Owner's Equity $ 565,009.00 $ 586,301.20 Common Financial Ratios FY-1 FY-2 Net Profit Ratio (Net Profit/Sales) 6% 8% Debt Ratio (Total Liabilities / Total Assets) 1.00 1.00 Current Ratio (Current Assets / Current Liabilities) 1.15 1.40 Debt-to-Equity Ratio (Total Liabilities / Owner's Equity) 4.04 3.83 Sales Forecast Particulars January February March April May June July August September October November December Total Units Sold Sales 30000 40000 35000 30000 35000 45000 35000 50000 40000 45000 50000 45000 480000 96300 Cost of Goods sold 25000 30000 25000 25000 25000 25000 30000 30000 25000 35000 35000 20000 330000 88800 Gross Profit 5000 10000 10000 5000 10000 20000 5000 20000 15000 10000 15000 25000 150000 7500 Particulars January February March April May June July August September October November December Total Units Sold Sales 30000 45000 35000 35000 45000 40000 30000 40000 40000 60000 75000 45000 520000 104265 Cost of Goods sold 25000 35000 30000 25000 35000 30000 25000 25000 25000 50000 35000 35000 375000 93240 Gross Profit 5000 10000 5000 10000 10000 10000 5000 15000 15000 10000 40000 10000 145000 11025 References Abecassis?Moedas, C., Ben Mahmoud?Jouini, S., Dell'Era, C., Manceau, D., Verganti, R. (2012). Key Resources and Internationalization Modes of Creative Knowledge?Intensive Business management: The Case of Design Consultancies. Creativity and innovation management, 21(3), 315-331. Andrews, J., Guyatt, G., Oxman, A. D., Alderson, P., Dahm, P., Falck-Ytter, Y., ... Brozek, J. (2013). GRADE guidelines: 14. Going from evidence to recommendations: the significance and presentation of recommendations. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 66(7), 719-725. Anytime Workouts | Free Fitness App - Anytime Fitness. (2017). Anytime Fitness. Retrieved 3 October 2017, from https://www.anytimefitness.com.au/anytime-workouts/ Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2015). Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Boulding, W., Staelin, R., Ehret, M., Johnston, W. J. (2013, May). A customer relationship management roadmap: What is known, potential pitfalls, and where to go. American Marketing Association. Floh, A., Zauner, A., Koller, M., Rusch, T. (2014). Customer segmentation using unobserved heterogeneity in the perceived-valueloyaltyintentions link. Journal of Business Research, 67(5), 974-982. Hamka, F., Bouwman, H., De Reuver, M., Kroesen, M. (2014). Mobile customer segmentation based on smartphone measurement. Telematics and Informatics, 31(2), 220-227. Han, S. H., Lu, S. X., Leung, S. C. (2012). Segmentation of telecom customers based on customer value by decision tree model. Expert Systems with Applications, 39(4), 3964-3973. Hjort, K., Lantz, B., Ericsson, D., Gattorna, J. (2013). Customer segmentation based on buying and returning behaviour. International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, 43(10), 852-865. Mithas, S., Krishnan, M. S., Fornell, C. (2013, May). Why do customer relationship accounting applications affect customer satisfaction?. American Marketing Association. Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y., Bernarda, G., Smith, A. (2014). Value proposition design: How to create products and services customers want. John Wiley Sons. Patino, A., Pitta, D. A., Quinones, R. (2012). Social media's emerging importance in market research. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 29(3), 233-237. Perth - Anytime Fitness. (2017). Anytime Fitness. Retrieved 3 October 2017, from https://www.anytimefitness.com.au/gyms/AU-1473/perth-wa-6000/ Roberts, M. L., Zahay, D. (2012). Internet marketing: Integrating online and offline strategies. Cengage Learning. Saravanakumar, M., SuganthaLakshmi, T. (2012). Social media marketing. Life Science Journal, 9(4), 4444-4451. Tuten, T. L., Solomon, M. R. (2014). Social media marketing. Sage. Ward, J. (2016). Keeping the family business healthy: How to plan for continuing growth, profitability, and family leadership. Springer.

A Song And My Story Example

A Song And My Story Example A Song And My Story – Coursework Example Black Dahlia The song I choose is Black Dahlia by Hollywood Undead because every time I listen to it I feel a great connection. It is like Hollywood Undead, and I walked in the same shoes and the song practically analysis a past experience. The song explains how two people in a relationship went through a lot together in their daily activities. This song relates to my previous situation where I was in love with a lady and all I could think was her. The girl decided to leave me for another guy who happened to be my best friend and they never thought it was relevant to tell me. The only way I found out about their relationship was by walking in on them in a restaurant. In ‘Black Dahlia, Hollywood Undead states that the ex-girlfriend is the reason hate fills their heart and tears crowd their eyes. Hollywood Undead are expressing anger and all the frustrations to themselves because they were so naà ¯ve in their relationship that they could not realize something was wrong with the girlfriend. It was my heart, my life, my start, but your knife. This strife, it dies. This life and these lies, lyrics ‘Black Dahlia (Hollywood Undead, 2010). The song is connected to my situation because I did lose not only a girlfriend that day, but also my best friend. I lost the two people I trusted with my secrets and who I thought I could count on. Every time I look at some of my photos, we were either doing this or that with my girlfriend or my best friend. The memories we share can never be forgotten, and they will always be a reminder of the precious things I lost. The Sorrowful song has been sung for so long that it hurts to remember that they ever loved, lyrics ‘Black Dahlia (Hollywood Undead, 2010). Whenever I listen to this song I feel like I share a great connection. In some cases I end up laughing after remembering all the things we did together and sometimes wishing we could come back together and have a little fun. I wish I could have quit you I wish I n ever missed you and told you that I loved you, lyrics ‘Black Dahlia (Hollywood Undead, 2010). The song is, therefore, a sweet reminder of some of the things I am going to face in the future. It prepares me always to expect the best out of people but to be prepared for the worst. Seems like all we had is over now. â€Å"You left to rest, and my fears are over now I can leave with my head down," lyrics ‘Black Dahlia (Hollywood Undead, 2010). Bowie, David. "Changes." Hunky Dory (in italics). RCA, September 13, 2010. MP3.

What Are SAT Subject Tests Why Should You Take Them

What Are SAT Subject Tests Why Should You Take Them SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Between the SAT, teacher recommendations, and your personal essay, there are lots of ingredients that go into crafting your applications. The SAT Subject Tests add one more layer to the complex recipe of applying to college. This article is meant to clear up any confusion you have about the Subject Tests.By understanding exactly what these tests are testing, you'll be able to approach them with ease and confidence - because only the cake should end up in tiers. What Are SAT Subject Tests? While the general SAT is meant to assess your reasoning skills and readiness for college, the SAT Subject Tests test your knowledge in specific subject areas. They are content-based and allow you to choose the subject(s) in which you excel and best demonstrate subject mastery. All of the Subject Tests are multiple choice and are one hour long. The Subject Tests align with classes you are required or have elected to take in high school, like Biology, Literature, Math, and languages. Not only should your choice of Subject Test line up with your academic strengths, you also may want to choose a subject in which you're interested. As with all the other parts of your application, your Subject Tests give insight into who you are and what you like to study. Click here for a more in-depth look at what SAT Subject Tests you should take and the most important considerations in making this decision. [link to PS article] How Many SAT Subject Tests Are There? There are 21 SAT Subject Tests, if you count Biology Ecological and Biology Molecular as two separate tests. They cover literature, math, science, history, and 9 languages. Some options within these core subjects include the following: History could be World History or U.S. History. Science includes Physics, Chemistry, and Biology with an Ecological focus or Biology with a Molecular focus. Math has a Level 1 and Level 2 test. Language Subject Tests may or may not have a Listening component. Here's the complete list: English Literature Math Level 1 Math Level 2 U.S. History World History Biology Ecological Biology Molecular Physics Chemistry French French with Listening Spanish Spanish with Listening Italian Modern Hebrew Latin German German with Listening Chinese with Listening Korean with Listening Japanese with Listening Let's look at a brief overview of some of the differences in format: Biology E and Biology M share 60 core questions. Biology E has an additional 20 questions with an ecological emphasis. Biology M has 20 extra questions with a molecular focus. Math Level 1 requires at least two years of algebra and one year of geometry. Math Level 2 requires those same classes plus some trigonometry and pre-calculus. The French, Spanish, and German Subject Tests have both Listening and non-Listening options. Chinese, Korean, and Japanese have only Listening options, and the remaining have only non-Listening options. Now that you have a sense of the differences among the subject tests, let's move onto the next important question. Should you take them to apply to college? Why Take SAT Subject Tests? Are you wondering, "Should I take SAT Subject Tests?" To answer your question, you should take Subject Tests if your college requires or recommends them as part of your application. Make sure you know not only how many Subject Tests your college wants, but also if they have a requirement or suggestion for which subjects you should take. Technology-oriented colleges, for example, may prefer to see that you've taken math and science tests. MIT and CalTech actually require one math and one science Subject Test. MIT lets you take Math Level 1 or Level 2, while CalTech requires Level 2. Selective liberal arts colleges often want to see a range of knowledge across academic domains, such as a math test paired with a literature or history test. Some colleges may allow Subject Test scores to make up for a low general SAT score. Still others may use these tests for placement purposes, such as into a more advanced level of a language, once you arrive on campus. At Harvard, for example, 700 or better on a language test will waive its language requirement and allow you to choose among more advanced language courses. You may also be applying to a school that has adopted a test flexible policy, like Colby College, Colorado College, Middlebury, and NYU. The school may let you send SAT Subject Test scores in place of the general SAT or ACT, if you feel these tests better represent your strengths and abilities. Check out the full list of test optional and flexible schools here. Subject Tests can really strengthen your application, as they allow you to feature a particular strength, knowledge of a subject, and academic interest. If you speak another language, the language tests are a great way to showcase your skills. As colleges are increasingly seeking to establish a multicultural class of students with global competencies, they will consider your ability to communicate in another language to be a strong and desirable asset to your candidacy. How Do You Know If Subject Tests Are Required? We've gathered a list of all the colleges that require SAT Subject Tests. A small group of colleges, like Amherst, Brown, Duke, and Vassar, among others, will waive the SAT Subject Test requirement if you opt for the ACT. Since policies are continually changing, especially as schools become more and more flexible, make sure to double check your colleges' standardized testing requirements by researching their admissions website or speaking to an admissions officer directly. Finally, you may elect to take the Subject Tests even if they're not required, if you want to demonstrate a particular strength to the admissions committee. This may especially be the case if the Subject Test connects to your future academic and/or professional goals. If you're excited to study Engineering, for example, you may be eager to showcase your math and science skills. The list of colleges mentioned above indicates if a college does not require, but will consider SAT Subject Tests are part of your application. Ithaca, Smith, Wesleyan, to name a few, consider, but don't require, the SAT Subject Tests. When Are the Subject Tests Offered? The Subject Tests are offered on all the same dates as the general SAT except for March - in January, May, June, October, November, and December. The science, math, literature, and math Subject Tests are offered on all these dates. The language tests are offered on some, but not all, of the dates. Some have more options, but Listening tests - German, French, Spanish, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean - are only offered in November. Check out this chart of the exact dates of all the Subject Tests. It will also help you figure out your best schedule for taking the Subject Tests in and around the general SAT or ACT and all your other activities and obligations. You can take up to 3 Subject Tests in one day (with some conditions), so you can take them all together or choose to spread them out over different dates. The best time to take a Subject Test is often near the end of the school year in which you've been studying that subject and may also be studying for a final or AP exam. You don't have to wait until junior year, but instead should take the Subject Tests whenever you are ready and the content is fresh in your mind. Hopefully this overview of the what, how, why, and when of SAT Subject Tests makes it easier for you to add this extra component into the college application mix. By following the links provided, you'll become an expert in everything you need to know to conquer the SAT Subject Tests. What's Next? Perhaps you've studied lots of the subjects covered by the Subject Tests and aren't sure how to choose. This article helps you answer that important question: which SAT Subject Test should you take? Are you also taking the general SAT and ACT? In order to prepare, first you need to know when you have time to study. This article helps you figure out your study plan and when you should start preparing. Need a little extra help prepping for your Subject Tests? We have the industry's leading SAT Subject Test prep programs (for all non-language Subject Tests). Built by Harvard grads and SAT Subject Test full or 99th %ile scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so that you get the most effective prep possible. Learn more about our Subject Test products below:

Supply Chain Integration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Supply Chain Integration - Essay Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that the supply chain is a vital topic for most of the practitioners and researchers. However, the main concerns constraining the full and complete use of the concept of supply chain management research has been the construct taking its own meaning that depends on the subjectivity of an individual and the different points of views. Therefore, there is a need for most of the researchers to operationalize and measure what actually supply chain integration means. Over the past years, one of the major themes in the supply chain literature has always been the integration as a key factor in achieving improvements. The general idea, in this case, is that the integrative practices and the high level of integration have a great impact positively on the performance of corporate and supply chain. A study conducted by McCarthy and Golicic showed that case studies are the most suitable methods for evaluating and understanding supply c hain integration. McCarthy and Golicic showed that case studies provided two important advantages that are crucial to achieving positive results in supply chain integration. Hitt, on the other hand, proposed that a quantitative approach is the best strategy to use in supply chain integration research. According to McCarthy and Golicic, case studies are ideal because they provide valuable insights into the theoretical and practical aspects of supply chain integration. In addition, unlike quantitative techniques, which show an overreliance on data, case studies offer real examples of successes and failures in supply chain integration and how they can be avoided. Quantitative methods are preferred in some quarters because they support long-term investigations. For example, data can always be stored and used in future probes. However, both case studies and quantitative technique demonstrate a noticeable weakness in the sense that they are not balanced enough to support varied and comple x inquiries on supply chain integration. This is a major reason for opting for a multi-case approach in this paper.

Successful Music Publication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Successful Music Publication - Essay Example The keys to be successful in this venture is by analyzing different aspects of how the publication will possibly survive in competition such as this one. The competition among music publications is undoubtedly very tight, and even more imposing is the fact that so many publications have already held their ground and established their names as household names, benchmarks in the industry, namely the KERRANG, SNIFFING and NME, all of which have made names for themselves in the 1980's. It is sheer impossibility to surpass the name established by those popular magazine, it is even more difficult to get even closer, but what should be kept in mind is that is not the goal that should be hurriedly achieved. What should be the first in considerations is how to turn the heads of music blokes, along with their curiosities. Until now, KERRANG, NME and SNIFFING are still enjoying relative popularity like their other counterparts. As the researcher had earlier done, having visited the websites of the aforementioned music publications, the three of them possess almost all of the same qualities that contribute to their existence after decades. Their w Their websites are all very eye-catching, all of them are attention-grabbers because of the loud colors and enticing headlines they possess. NME, KERRANG and SNIFFING all give a chance of publicity to new artists, and yet they never neglect the great artists of yesterday along with their immortal hits. An example is the front webpage of NME dated May 12, 2007, posted is the black and white picture of the Beatles, and yet they have links to news concerning artists of this generation. That is a vivid example of how they prioritize their readership. Another aspect they share is they all have the opinion section, for the readers and website browsers to post their opinions regarding anything, about music, the magazine or the website itself, or even their suggestions. The posting of these suggestions on their sites and their print magazines is a surefire way to establish a personal relationship with the readers, making them feel that they are of utmost priority. In the aspect of the news, without the evidence of reading every issue of these magazines and their websites, the researcher noticed that their news is very well-written, especially the headlines. But they are in no way offensive to the readers and they are not even showing a hint of bias towards their posting of news. This is the proof that all music publications should by all means be honest about news, they should give sheer priority to the delivery of accurate statistics, and in-depth and yet impartial analysis of music news around the world. These three music publications have their own style and originality, shown by their mere taglines. NME has the tagline "First for Music News," while for KERRANG, it is "the world's biggest-selling weekly rock magazine." The taglines are proofs of their originality. They are still enjoying success because of the things that they have done and still doing up until today. Task 2 - Chosen Music Genre I choose pop music. Why Because virtually all music lovers are indulged in this genre, all ages,

Aristotles virtue ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Aristotles virtue ethics - Essay Example The main goal of his virtue theory is to reach out the excellence (virtue) in self-performance, i.e. achieving happiness throughout life. As I see, Aristotle’s virtue theory is helpful for contemporary individuals living in a highly demoralized society. The question is that to what extent each individual normally sees the state of happiness. Definitely, it depends on likes and dislikes people have. However, to separate goodness from evil is really vital for sound-minded individuals. Thus, I feel that this theory fits into contemporary requirements of the mankind. Therefore, I have come to such a conclusion that Aristotle’s virtue theory is a predominant source to nurture virtues of goodness among individuals. The society and different communities within it will have an opportunity to improve due to being loyal to the virtues theory as an elementary instruction to reach out the social equilibrium. This tendency should lead people in an upward

Main Barriers Sustainable Development Developing Countries Initiatives Overcome Economics Essay

Main Barriers Sustainable Development Developing Countries Initiatives Overcome Economics Essay Any country whose standard of living is at a low level is referred to as a developing country. Development level varies from country to country thus cannot be generalized in meaning. Using numerical categorization, Countries with low and middle income have been categorized as developing by the World Bank. Dividing economies with the 2008 Gross National Income per capita (GNI), developing countries were identified by GNI per capital below $11 905. Countries having progressive economies but which have not attained a particular standard to be referred to as developed country are categorized as Newly Industrialized Country (NIC). Such countries are said to have rapid growth in their economy but have still not reached the standard of the First World, these are highly developed countries (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developed_country) Almost all countries of the third world can be categorized as developing, they including all African countries excluding South Africa, all countries in the Middle East excluding Turkey, all Asian countries excluding China, Japan, Singapore, Russia, Taiwan India, Myanmar and South Korea, some countries in Eastern Europe, Southern American countries excluding Brazil and the Caribbean excluding Jamaica and Cuba. File:World Bank income groups.svg Fig1: Countries based on World Bank income groupings for 2006 (calculated by GNI per capita, Atlas method).   Ã‚   High income   Ã‚   Upper-middle income   Ã‚   Lower-middle income   Ã‚   Low income Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developing_country Sustainable Development Sustainable development as defined in 1987 in a report by Brundtland is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs. (Hecht, 1999) Sustainable development as an aspiration is global; as an ongoing process, it is local. A growing number of scientists and technologists share in the aspiration and experiment with the local (Mabogunje and Kates, 2004). For sustainable development to be achieved, especially in developing countries, some stages have to be undergone; it is also necessary for essential building blocks to be implemented. The economic, social and environmental factors have to be considered in a transparent and open manner. In many developing countries, the fundamental building blocks, such as a free-market economy, transparency of government operations, public access to information, public involvement in decision making, and enforcement of environmental laws, are weak or absent. Although some developing countries are strengthening domestic policies and regulations and creating economic policy incentives for attracting environmentally sound investment, progress is slow and uneven. (Hecht,1999). Barriers Developing countries have less sustainable livelihoods today than they had 25 years ago. The issue of sustainable development involves making sure that the ongoing development does not affect future generation. Some of the following issues contribute to the low sustainability level in developing countries: Extreme Poverty Poverty is the most prominent barrier to development in developing countries. Almost all population found in these countries live in rural settlements and depend on agriculture as their main source of income. Poverty and the environment have a strong connection especially in countries with economies that depend on natural resources. For people in these countries to meet their needs, they engage in local activities such as tree cutting for fuel wood, wild life hunting (leading to extinction), extensive and excessive farming system and so on. These activities are carried out to meet the needs of today but the repercussions await the future generations. Deforestation Intense farming and deforestation in South America has left some areas with only 5% of natural vegetation. If this trend continues, there might be little or nothing left to pass to the future generations. Africa had about 650 million hectares of woodlands and forests but between 1990 and year 2000, about 53 million hectares of forest was lost (Africare speech, 2008). In respect to the global forest loss, this was about 56% in that period. Deforestation has a resultant effect on protection of soils, the land is more exposed to adverse conditions like erosion and evaporation, also quality of water is affected by deforestation. All these will invariably tell on the production and economy of countries involved. Urban Development Urban areas in developing countries are expected to be more populated majorly because of migration. However this comes with a great environmental challenge. A good number of urban dwellers either inhabit slum areas or carve a slum-niche for themselves simply because they do not have legal rights to own their properties. Slum conditions lack good, portable water, electricity and other basic amenities of life. The issue of waste disposal in slum areas is usually carelessly handled, this poses as a threat to health and safety of slum dwellers. It is not a surprise to use plastic bags as mobile toilets in some large slums like Kibera, Nairobis largest slum. Also, because of the nature of these areas, there is increase in miscreants among juveniles. This has a direct negative effect on young adults who are supposed to be leaders of tomorrow. This is where the effect of the environment on the social life of individuals comes in to play. Some shanty areas in Nigeria have in recent times produced the highest number of notorious young adults. Urbanization in developing countries results in very large population inhabiting very small area, polluted water and air, poor public transport among other things. These environmental conditions lead to low standard of living in these areas. In South America, urban population is found in settlements called squatter, Brazil having favelas while Venezuela has barrios. Caracas is known to have over 50% population living in squatters. These squatters are usually made from scrap and cardboard materials in areas that are prone to flooding or steep areas. After a while, the construction is upgraded with better materials but the settlements remain in an irregular network with small paths and streets, there is usually no plan for waste management, drainage or water supply. The Asian continent among others is not left out in urbanization issues. Bangladesh, a country in Asia has had an increase in urban poverty in recent times. In Dhaka city alone, from 1974 to 2005 slum population has jumped from 250,000 to 2,840,000 during the span of little over 3 decades (Haider, 2008). During these decades, the number of slums also increased from 500 to 4,300. While slum population has increased by more than 11 times the number of slums has increased 8.6 times during this period. The causes for the increase of slum population are certainly complex. However, the major aspect is again related to the lack of well paying jobs in urban areas. There are also cases of downward mobility in urban areas of urban dwellers themselves. Although Bangladesh has been able to reduce urban poverty to some extent, there are pockets of chronic poverty in slums that seem very hard to overcome. (Haider,2008). http://www.un.org/ecosocdev/geninfo/afrec/vol18no2/2809067_slum.jpg Nairobi, Kenya: Sixty per cent of the citys people live in slum areas. Source: http://www.un.org/ecosocdev/geninfo/afrec/vol18no2/182environ.htm Impact of Industrial Waste The process of obtaining non-renewable materials from natural resources has an adverse effect on the environment. A good example is Nigeria, a developing country in West Africa. The Niger Delta environment has been polluted by oil spills and flares from gas for over half a century. A target was set forth to put a stop to flaring of gas but this seems to be unachievable with the trend of events. Mine sites which are no longer in use in some parts of Africa contribute to the nuisance that the environment is becoming. In general, mineral and oil exploration contribute to water pollution (which also causes death of organisms in water), contaminated soil, e.tc. Developing countries will continue to have great challenge in attaining sustainable development if the current approach to extraction of resources is not addressed. Effect of Climate Change on Environment Africa as a continent has so many developing countries. Studies from the IPCC (Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change) show that this continent is more prone to the impact of climate change than any other part of the world. Some of the effects of climate change include less rainfall in areas already experiencing dryness like the southern and eastern parts, and increased drought in north central Africa. It is also predicted that by 2025 (Africare speech,2008), western African countries will experience scarcity of water, such countries like Ghana, Burkina Faso, Benin Republic, Mauritania, Nigeria e.t.c. While other issues are more pressing and getting better attention from African leaders (such issues as malaria, HIV AIDS, poverty, starvation e.t.c), to sustain the future generation, Africa has to be fully at alert and address the issue of climate change peculiar to its environment. In other areas, climate change may cause flooding in contrast to its effect in these countries. In South America for instance, climate change has an effect on their environment which in essence has a multiplier effect on planning for growth. La Plata River basin which is the fifth largest river in the world generates about 50% of South Americas Gross National Product (GNP) and five countries share boundaries with this river- Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. The effect of climate change in this river basin has affected the economy and as a result its population. Flow in this region has been 30% greater since 1970 than in previous time. This is in contrast to the average rainfall before 1970 and below average rainfall afterwards in sub-Saharan Africa (Africare speech, 2008). Corruption Corruption is a major barrier to sustainable development in every country that it exists. It steals from todays children the resources they will need to survive tomorrow. There is a direct link between underdevelopment and corruption. The former encourages the latter. A good scenario is the public service low income in developing countries, this stimulates trivial corruption. The level of education and enlightenment in these countries also put people in ignorance of their statutory rights, thereby giving room for corrupt individuals. Initiatives to Overcome Barriers The discussion about initiatives to overcome barriers to sustainable development in developing countries will not be justified without mentioning the millennium development goals (MDGs). The MDGs were initiated in September 2000 during the United Nations Summit. These goals are eight in number and they break down into quantifiable targets that are 21 in number, they are also measured by 60 indicators. They include the following: Extreme poverty and hunger eradication Universal primary education for all Encourage women empowerment and gender equality Reduce death rate of children Improve maternal health Fight against diseases especially malaria and HIV/AIDS Implement sustainable development Develop a global partnership for development These goals were created having developing countries in mind as the issues addressed are mostly concerned with them. However, the indicators for these goals show that they have not been effectively implemented locally and globally, they also show that the time frame given to them will not be realistic. Over the years, developing countries have recognized the importance of environmental management and sustainability and there have been initiatives peculiar to each country and situation to enhance this. Some of those initiatives include establishing Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). NGOs have gained reputation especially internationally as they are consulted on matters of planning and implementation of policies made at national and international levels. Examples of such include Global Volunteer Network, Cross-Cultural Solutions, Conserve Africa, Africa Guide, Action for Agricultural Renewal in Maharashtra (AFARM), Conservation Council for South Australia to mention a few. NGOs offer a clearer perspective and a wealth of experience in relevant areas such as human right defense, environmental protection, grassroots development, poverty alleviation, e.t.c. To thrive in their activities, these organizations should work alongside the government by participating in development, planning policies and decision making at the various levels of administration. However, since they are voluntary, availability of funds for NGOs might pose a slight challenge and they sometimes have to depend on funds from large hearted individuals. Other initiatives include creating anticorruption agencies. Since corruption impedes development at all levels of government, countries have created such agencies to check corrupt practices, examples include Office of Anti-Corruption Commission Bhutan (Asia), Independent Authority Against Corruption- Mongolia ( Asia), Anti- Corruption Commission- Bangladesh (Asia), Kenya Anti-Corruption Commission -Kenya (Africa), Independent Corrupt Practices Commission Nigeria (Africa), War Against Indiscipline and Corruption- Nigeria (Africa), Kick Against Indiscipline- Nigeria (Africa), e.t.c These are just a few as there have been numerous organizations at different levels of government that function in this regard. However, as many as these appear to be, the issue of corrupt practices still rear their head. When caught in the act and asked, culprits sometimes blame the economy and government but those are just the ones who are brought to book, top citizens who have connections in high places are usually seen as above the law. This falls back to having good leadership in developing countries as well as citizens having the right attitude, without these, corruption will still find its way in these countries and the efforts of these organizations will not be justified. For every country, the children are the future leaders; good education for them is a very important factor for development. Some efforts have been made by countries and their governments to develop the minds of youngsters educationally, there have been schemes to sponsor students abroad to acquire various skills and knowledge so as to implement and integrate these skills once back home. Recently, the Federal Government of Nigeria awarded 1,087 undergraduate and postgraduate Nigerian students scholarship to study locally. There have also been organizations (PTF-Petroleum Trust Fund) that sponsor student abroad for studies from Nigeria. Other scholarship boards in other countries include Integrated Community Development Fund (ICDF) in Bolivia, Banque Libano Francaise in Lebanon and a host of others in other countries. This initiative has a very slow but steady growth in various developing countries. Other countries simply affiliate themselves with foreign government and bodies to get n ecessary support. Conclusion Since each developing country has its own government and ruling council, initiatives for achieving sustainable development in these countries differ, this is also because apart from the challenges listed above, some countries have challenges that are peculiar in nature to their environment, society and economy. In this regard, these countries tend to lean towards initiatives which particularly address their peculiar problems. Coming up with initiatives is one thing, implementing those initiative is another. In my belief, the latter is more important than the former. To achieve sustainable development, developing countries must make conscious efforts to implement the existing initiatives while looking to create new ones. Lastly, achieving sustainable development in developing countries takes a gradual (not magical) process; levels of achievements can only be measured with indicators periodically. It is up to every individual to contribute in little ways to achieve a nation and global sustainable environment for the future generation.

Of Gods And Romans Essay -- essays research papers

Of Gods and Romans The Romans during the time of their Republic relied on their advanced technology, social structure, leadership and politics to achieve as much as they did. To these people, their gods affected all of these factors and the relationships mankind had with them. The contractual relationship between mankind and the gods involved each party in giving, and in return receiving services. The Romans believed that spirits residing in natural and physical objects had the power to control the processes of nature, and that man could influence these processes by symbolic action. The first is a primitive form of religious creed; the second a type of magic. The services by which the Romans hoped to influence the forces that guided their lives were firmly established in ritual - the ritual of prayer and the ritual of offering. In either case, the exact performance of the rite was essential. One slip, and you had to go back to the beginning and start again. The very multiplicity of deities caused problems, as did the gender of some of them: 'wether you be god or goddess' was a common formula in Roman prayers. The motivations of the sacrifices are what of interest. Most of the time, sacrifices took place for purification, supplication, or celebration. The purification ritual was one that was performed before battle (285). Asking for a deed to be done was very popular as well. One usually asked for victory and good fortune in battle (20). Celebration is the event that seems to be the most spectacular of all. Whether it is in joy of an enemies’ death, such as Mithridates (201), the end of illness of a leader like Pompey (218), or simply the merriment that comes after large victory, we see this in Caesar’s winnings in Gaul (264). Some sacrificial events took place in order to ask forgiveness and appeasement for defeat of a religious enemy (90 – 91). Any sacrificial routine was elaborate and messy. The head of the victim was sprinkled with wine and bits of sacred cake made from flour and salt. Then its throat was cut and it was disemboweled to ensure there was nothing untoward about its entrails. If there was, it was not only a bad omen, but the whole process had to be repeated with a fresh animal until it came out right. The vital organs were burnt upon the altar and the carcass cut into pieces and eaten on the spot, or else laid aside. Then the priest, we... ...als to changes in social conditions and attitudes. To the Romans, the observance of religious rites was a public duty rather than a private impulse. Their beliefs were founded on a variety of unconnected and often inconsistent mythological traditions, many of them derived from the Greek rather than Italian models (90 – 91). Without any basic creed to counter them, foreign religions easily made inroads into a society whose class-structure was being blurred and whose constitution was being changed by social change. The brilliance of some of the major foreign cults had considerable attraction for those brought up on homespun deities of the hearth and fields. Compare to modern society, the Romans seem extremely superstitious. But then today's major religions have all throughout their past discouraged, even combated, superstitions. Also present-day sciences and technological world allow little room for superstition. The Romans lived in an era previous to this. Their world was full of unexplained phenomena, darkness and fear. These characteristics affected every aspect of Roman life. To Romans, these superstitions were a perfectly natural part in the relationship between gods and men.

Alice’s Adventure of Self Discovery in Wonderland

The bildungsroman novel Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, by Lewis Carroll elucidates the idea of humans needing to be faced with a drastic situation, in order to grow and develop their own identity. Alice begins in the novel as a respectful and naive child, one typical of the Victorian Era. She struggles with adjusting to the new situations, as well as the growth and changes of her body. Alice’s escapades in Wonderland allow her to change her views with regard to authority as well as to understand different life situations. Alice’s time in Wonderland compels her to become more independent as well as to stand up for herself, ergo becoming a mature, self-reliant young woman. Alice’s adventures in Wonderland permit her to understand and accept her body’s baffling changes. As Alice enters Wonderland, a world where nothing is the same, her body changes sizes eleven times, something that is drastic for anyone, not only a young girl. When â€Å"she sat down and began to cry again† (Carroll 17), this was in regard to her body’s rapid and confusing changes. Alice’s body changed, she was completely hopeless as well had no idea on how to deal with the situation, much like a child entering puberty. When a child first enters puberty, they are extremely uncomfortable, but eventually they become more and more comfortable with the changes and in their own skin. Alice proves that she is becoming more comfortable with herself and her identity when she declares, â€Å"Oh dear! I’d nearly forgotten that I’ve got to grow up again! Let me see-how is it to be managed† (39). Alice’s body no longer has control over her, but instead she has control over her own body. Throughout Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, Alice continues to become more comfortable with her body as well as in foreign and unfamiliar situations. Alice’s adventure allows her not only to become more comfortable with her body, but also more comfortable in regard to understanding the role that authority plays in society. When Alice first enters Wonderland, she is a confused, helpless child, who does not understand how to stand up for herself. In the beginning of the novel, Alice is thrown into a world where the strict rules she lives by no longer apply, and as a result does not understand how to act, especially in regard to authority. When the Rabbit makes a mistake of calling to Alice saying, â€Å"Why Mary Ann, what are you doing here? †¦ Alice was so frightened she ran off at once without saying a word† (10), Alice clearly acknowledges and understands the mistake. Due to her strict, traditional Victorian upbringing, she was taught to obey authority at all costs and never to contradict someone who was in a position of power. In Wonderland however, all that Alice thought she knew about authority is tossed aside, as those rules no longer apply. Although Alice indubitably knows she is not Mary Ann, the Rabbit’s maid, she is too afraid to disobey authority and point out the error of his ways. However, further on in the novel, as well as further on in Alice’s growth as a human, she becomes more comfortable with speaking up to authority. When Alice contradicts the Queen and her poor decisions when the Queen exclaims, â€Å"Off with her head! Off with her.. † but Alice barges in and declares that it is â€Å"nonsense. † (72). Alice not only becomes more comfortable as herself, but more comfortable speaking up and against authority, an important aspect of maturing. Alice’s growth and maturing not only depends on her physical size, but it also depends on her ability to adapt to new situations. In Wonderland, all of the new rules that come with these strange games, from the caucus race to the croquet game are metaphors to social situations. At the beginning of Alice’s adventure, Alice is confused by these new social situations, and does not quite now how to react to them. During the croquet game, Alice is unsure and â€Å"rather doubtful whether she ought not to lie down on her face like the three gardeners. † (35). Alice had never been in a situation like this, and she clearly did not know how to react, something that is learned over time as a person matures. Another example further along in the novel is when Alice is thrown into a new situation, where a baby is in danger, irrefutably a situation she had never been in before. Although Alice was unfamiliar with the social protocol, or what one would typically do in such a situation, she was mature enough to trust her instincts and stand up for the child by exclaiming at the Duchess, â€Å"Oh please mind what you’re doing! You nearly took his nose off! † (39). As Alice continues to mature and emerge as a young adult, she begins to trust her intuitions as well as defends her thoughts and ideas. Through Alice’s journey, she becomes more mature and as a result, adapts to new situations more easily. Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland is a fantasy, bildungsroman novel that explores coming of age, in regard to puberty as well as social maturity. Although within the novel, it is Alice’s physical size that changes quite often, she matures throughout the novel while in Wonderland, adapting more easily to new, frightening situations as well as developing her moral courage. Alice begins her adventure as a frightened young girl, one who can barely cope in a situation, and she ends her journey being a strong, fearless and independent young woman.

Business Continuity And Crisis Management Tourism Essays

Business Continuity And Crisis Management Tourism Essays Business Continuity And Crisis Management Tourism Essay Business Continuity And Crisis Management Tourism Essay The assignment is focused on the organisations concerns that support the economic system at the person, household, community, local, province and national degrees. However, even with this focal point, the model and rules of for net income concern crisis and continuity direction ( BCCM ) are applicable to all organisations, be they private, public or not-for-profit. Organizations exist to supply merchandises and/or services to their clients and should endeavor to keep and/restore this capableness, even in the face of extremely riotous events. Regardless of the nomenclature chosen as the rubric for organisational continuity, crisis and continuity direction or continuity of operations, continuity is a strategic duty and map for all organisations if they are to last and thrive. Catastrophes occur in many signifiers: civil ( the 9/11 in New York and 7/7 in London onslaughts ) , economic ( chemical deficits, big concern failures ) , natural ( pandemics, hurricanes ) , proficient ( Y2K, Northeast Blackout of 2003 ) . When catastrophe work stoppages, either all of a sudden or bit by bit, locally or widespread, concerns and public sector bureaus respond utilizing programs developed for exigencies. However, this is non the lone response model that should be activated. A Business Continuity and Crisis Management ( BCCM ) are besides needed to prolong the organisation as it responds to public or stakeholder demands. The Emergency Response Plans ( ERP ) halt the hemorrhage and Disaster Recovery Plans ( DRP ) mend the lesions. BCCM maintain the bosom whipping so the organisation can efficaciously transport out non merely its exigency response activities, but besides disaster recovery activities. The exigency direction system of the United Kingdom ( UK ) has faced important reforms and alterations since 9/11 in New York and 7/7 in London with the primary purpose of diminishing human casualties. The historical information over the last decennaries demonstrates the increasing frequence and menace of major catastrophes such as natural, biological, societal, technological, manmade, chemical, or environmental incidents impacting the UK. The possibility of confronting menaces and lay waste toing effects after the 9/11 terrorist onslaughts and the experience of 7th July 2005 London bombardments raise the inquiry about the preparedness of the UK to efficaciously cover with big catastrophes and mass casualties. The events of 9/11 have cast a long shadow over the universe and led to a critical revaluation of Enterprise Risk Management and Business Continuity Management. This assignment critically discusses how planetary crisis like 9/11 in New York and 7/7 in London have shaped the BCCM planning for UK organisation. It reviews the catastrophes impacting UK and the procedure of development of exigency direction policy in the state. The assignment besides describes the state s current construction of exigency direction system and discusses future catastrophe challenges. Before traveling to discourse BCCM planning for UK organisation, I would wish to explicate the term BCCM ( Business Continuity and Crisis Management ) . Business Continuity and Crisis Management ( BCCM ) The intercrossed term concern crisis and continuity direction has been introduced as a rubric for an endeavor broad strategic plan and procedure. It is necessary to include a brief treatment of the creative activity and pick of this term since much of the current literature and concern patterns use the person footings crisis direction or concern continuity direction individually and frequently interchangeably while acknowledging that they work together to back up overall concern endeavor direction. The Business Continuity Institute s Business Continuity Management: Good Practices Guidelines ( Smith, 2002 ) and the Standards Australia bill of exchange Business Continuity Handbook ( Standards Australia 2003 ) use the term Business Continuity Management as a consolidative procedure and under which multiple back uping maps, including crisis direction and concern continuity direction operate and integrates. Despite the difference in nomenclature, there is small argument in the concern continuity and crisis direction literature that crisis direction, concern continuity direction, and their supporting maps need to be exhaustively integrated in support of overall concern endeavor direction. Business Continuity Management: Good Practices Guidelines explains the incompatibility in nomenclature by saying Crisis Management and BCM ( Business Continuity Management ) are non seen as reciprocally sole although that they can the necessity stand entirely based on the type of event. It is to the full recognized that they are two elements in an overall concern continuity procedure and often one is non found without the other. ( Smith 2002 ) Business Crisis and Continuity Management ( BCCM ) , as a accepted concern plan, has evolved over the past 20 plus old ages from a engineering centric catastrophe recovery map covering about entirely with informations protection and recovery to a much wider holistic and enterprise broad back uping focal point ( Wheatman, Scott and Witty 2001 ) . Despite some paces to germinate BCCM into a profession including a widely recognized common organic structure of cognition and nomenclature, criterions of public presentation, and enfranchisement procedure, advancement has been slow and is hampered by the fact that BCCM, though by and large recognized as a strategic map, remains a discretional plan for all but the most extremely regulated concern sectors such as the fiscal sector and health care sector. Even within these regulated sectors, criterions of public presentation for all BCCM back uping maps may non be recognized and specified in sufficient item to see a truly comprehensive and inco rporate plan. As Ian Mitroff concludes from his extended research in the country of concern crisis direction ( his umbrella term for an incorporate BCCM plan ) , most concerns do non hold an equal crisis direction plan, supported by corporate civilization, single and organisational degree expertness, substructure and programs and processs to to the full understand, prepare for, and pull off the crises they may confront ( Mitroff 1992 ) . Mitroff has since updated his decisions in the 2001 book, Managing Crises Before they happen where he states that The huge bulk of organisations and establishments have non been designed to expect crises or to pull off them efficaciously once they have occurred. Neither the mechanics nor the basic accomplishments are in topographic point for effectual CM ( Crisis Management ) . ( Mitroff 2001 ) Mitroff s decisions are farther supported by the consequences of the 2001 Business Continuity Readiness Survey, jointly conducted by Gartner, Inc. Executive Programs and the Society for Information Management that found Less than 25 per centum of Global 2000 endeavors have invested in comprehensive concern continuity planning. ( Gartner 2002 ) The tragic events of September 11th, 2001 in New York and July 7th, 2005 in London and the deductions for concerns straight and indirectly impacted by the events have farther reinforced the demand for endeavor broad coordination of the multiple maps back uping concern crisis and continuity direction. Studies following the onslaughts of September 11th, 2001, such as the 9/11 and July 7th, 2005 in London, such as 7/7 Commission survey and study have engaged the United Kingdom authorities, at all degrees, in the procedure of acknowledging the duties of the private sector and promoting the private sector to take equal stairss to protect people, belongings and concern operations. Further stairss, including mandated criterions, may good follow beyond the current degree of encouragement and voluntary conformity. Business Continuity Management Business Continuity Management ( BCM ) is based on the rule that it is the cardinal duty of an administration s managers to guarantee the continuance of its concern operations at all times. It may be defined as: a holistic direction procedure that identifies possible menaces to an administration and the impacts to concern operations that those menaces, if realised, might do, and which provides a model for constructing organizational resiliency with the capableness for an effectual response that safeguards the involvements of its key Stakeholders, repute, trade name and value-creating activities. BS 25999-1 British Standards Institute s Code of Practice for Business Continuity Management BCM is an constituted portion of the UK s readyings for the possible menaces posed to administrations, whether from internal systems failures or external exigencies such as utmost conditions, terrorist act, or infective disease. The Civil Contingencies Act 2004 quirked frontline respondents to keep internal BCM agreements and, in add-on, local governments have been required since May 2006 to advance BCM to concern and voluntary administrations in their communities. While concerned with all graduated tables of resiliency, BCM is peculiarly concerned with developing Organisation-wide resiliency leting an administration to last the loss of portion or all of its operational capableness. It should besides look at lasting important losingss of resources such as staff or equipment. Because an administration s BCM resiliency depends on its direction and operational staff every bit good as engineering and geographical diverseness, this resiliency must be developed throughout the administration from senior direction to shop-floor and across all sites and the supply concatenation. The driver for this organizational resiliency is the duty the senior direction have for the long-run involvements of the staff, clients and all those who depend on the administration in some manner. Whilst it may be possible to cipher the fiscal losingss of break the most important impact is normally in damaged repute or loss of trust that consequences from a mismanaged incident. Conversely a well-managed incident can heighten the repute of the administration and its direction squad. Business Crisis Management The coordination of attempts to command a crisis event consistent with strategic ends of an organisation. Although by and large associated with response, recovery and recommencement operations during and following a crisis event, crisis direction duties extend to pre-event extenuation, bar and readiness and station event Restoration and passage. The aim of this Crisis Management Plan ( afterlife referred to as the Plan ) is to make a co-ordinated and effectual attack to a crisis state of affairs, using maximal resources and trained forces, leting the normal concern of an organisation to go on with minimum break. Crisiss that could impact your concern Depending on your concern specific fortunes, there are many possible events that might represent a crisis: Natural catastrophes for illustration, deluging caused by burst H2O pipes or heavy rain, or wind harm following storms. Larceny or hooliganism larceny of computing machine equipment, for case, could turn out lay waste toing. Similarly, hooliganism of machinery or vehicles could non merely be dearly-won but besides pose wellness and safety hazards. Fire few other state of affairss have such possible to physically destruct a concern. Power cut loss of power could hold serious effects. What would you make if you could nt utilize IT or telecoms systems or run other cardinal machinery or equipment? Fuel shortagesA impermanent deficits in fuel supply could impact several facets of your operations. In the event of a fuel deficit, would staff be able do it to work? Would it impact your ability to do and have bringings? IT system failure computing machine viruses, onslaughts by hackers or system failures could impact employees ability to work efficaciously. Restricted entree to premises how would your concern map if you could nt entree your workplace for illustration, due to a gas leak? Loss or illnessA of cardinal staff if any of your staff is cardinal to the running of your concern, see how you would get by if they were to go forth or be incapacitated by unwellness. Terrorist onslaught see the hazards to your employees and your concern operations if there is a terrorist work stoppage, either where your concern is based or in locations to which you and your employees travel. Besides consider whether an onslaught may hold a longer-term consequence on your peculiar market or sector. CrisesA impacting providers how would you beginning alternate supplies? CrisesA impacting clients will insurance or client warrants offset a client s inability to take your goods or services? Crisiss impacting your concern repute how would you get by, for illustration, in the event of a merchandise callback? Hazards Affecting UK The United Kingdom is a unitary province consisting of four states England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. It is governed by parliamentary system, which is located at the capital, London. It is an island state surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. The state is linked to France by the Channel Tunnel through its largest island. The entire country of the UK is 244,820A square kilometers ( 94,526A squareA stat mi ) . It has a temperate clime with abundant rainfall. Eastern parts of the state are comparatively dry. Atlantic currents, which are warmed by Gulf Stream, conveying mild and wet winters. 3.1 Hazards happened in UK Severe storms and air currents can impact most of the state for at least 6 hours at a clip. Most inland countries and parts experience storms with velocity of 55 miles per hour and blasts which exceed 85 miles per hour. The UK authorities takes serious stairss to forestall elderly, immature, and other vulnerable population casualties through public consciousness and instruction. The natural catastrophes, transit accidents have been given increased attending over clip. There have been legion ruinous transit accidents over the last decennaries. The frequence of air clang accidents, sea transit human deaths and rail route incidents have put their stigma on the UK catastrophe direction history. Some of illustrations for transit incidents and casualties are the Pleasure Boat incident of 1988 which took 56 lives, a rail clang of 1988 which took 34 lives, and an air clang of 1989 which killed 29 people and injured 70 more ( Parker A ; Handmer 1992 ) . Riots, protests and similar runs have besides been considered as incidents with important impact and amendss over the last decennaries. Examples are public violences of 1985 and fuel encirclement crisis of 2000, which caused figure of deceases, belongings harm, casualties, unpopularity and break of authorities maps. Massive fires in 1985 and 1987, the oil pollution of 1989, an oil rig detonation of 1987, H2O supply pollution jobs in 1988, a crowd crush incident of 1989, and the recent menace of avian grippe ( Parker A ; Handmer 1992 ) provide the basic perceptual experience about a broad scope of catastrophes, which have a large impact on authorities and citizens in this state. The UK authorities faces challenges of assortment of exigency state of affairss that require effectual response covering an all-hazards accent. The catastrophes and crises, terrorist act plays an of import function in the catastrophe environment of the United Kingdom. The UK antecedently was a victim of terrorist incidents like: 1 ) the onslaughts of 1987 in Enniskillen, Northern Ireland where 11 people died and 50 were injured ; 2 ) the bombardment of 1988 Omagh, Northern Ireland where 8 people died and 21 were injured ; and 3 ) the terrorist bombardment of aircraft Lockerbie, Scotland where 281 people died ( Parker A ; Handmer 1992 ) . However, since the 9/11 onslaughts in the United States and London Bombing of July seventh 2005, the cardinal authorities of the UK had to reconsider effectivity and capacity of its exigency direction response and the possible hazard and wake of terrorist onslaughts. Vulnerability in the UK The September 11, 2001 terrorist onslaughts highlighted the exposure of critical substructure to terrorist onslaughts around the universe. Since this ruinous incident, the authorities of the UK has focused on security of critical substructure from manmade onslaughts. For case, the informations of 2002 provides information that UK is runing more than 31 Nuclear Power Reactors. Therefore, the hazard that atomic reactors could be attacked is lifting. Successful terrorist onslaughts could impact non merely the population, but the encompassing environment. The release of radioactive stuffs into air and H2O would hold a long term negative side effects on environment, which would do these topographic points uninhabitable for decennaries, destroy the nature of environing sea life, and impact the economic system for future coevalss. The UK Home Office and Civil Contingencies Secretariat has hence underscored the importance of physical protection of Nuclear Power Plants against future possibil ity of terrorist onslaughts and tightened security criterions ( Moss 2002 ) . London bombardment of 2005 opened a new focal point Centre for UK authorities. Even though terrorist act is non a really new challenge for UK it requires an effectual system with the collaborative attempts of local and cardinal authoritiess to contend against it. Vulnerability of critical substructure of UK made determination shapers and authorities functionaries to reconsider effectivity of current exigency direction system. Model and Catastrophe Policy In July of 2001 Civil Contingencies Secretariat ( CCS ) , within Cabinet Office was established, and lead duties were transferred to this organisation ( OBrien A ; Read 2005 ) . The wake of 9/11 terrorist onslaughts and increasing menace of manmade catastrophes brought inquiry about the preparedness and sufficiency of the UK authorities exigency direction construction with the purpose of supplying effectual civil protection. The concern of terrorist act and constitution of effectual catastrophe response model led to structural alteration and reformation ( OBrien A ; Read 2005 ) . The Civil Contingencies Act ( CCA ) of 2004 introduced a individual model for civil protection in UK and brought new alterations to the tabular array such as replacement and updating former Civil Defence and Emergency Power statute laws. The CCA is now composed of two parts. Part 1 defines ordinances, counsel, clear set of ends, and duties for all involved organisations at the local degree. The local respondents are divided into different subdivisions and classs based on their specific responsibilities and functions. Separate 2 updates Emergency Power Act of 1920 and focuses on mos t serious exigencies and future hazard profile ( Cabinet Office 2009a ; Office of Public Sector Information 2004 ) . The nucleus alterations that were brought by the constitution of CCA can be described as: specifying the term exigency ; placing the clear boundaries, functions, and duties of all involved organisations and parties in deepness ; researching new responsibilities of local and governmental bureaus ; replacing out-of-date system of exigency powers ; and, in general, giving UK authorities runing powers in an exigency ( OBrien A ; Read 2005 ) . Organization Emergency BCCM Planning An exigency, as defined in CCA, is a state of affairs or series of events that threatens or causes serious harm to human public assistance, the environment or security in the United Kingdom ( Cabinet Office 2005: 1 ) . The possible hereafter menace of terrorist act, drugs, continuously altering demographics, fresh engineerings, and societal jobs creates capriciousness in set uping more sustainable and resilient society. Therefore, civil protection and exigency response and direction system of UK has gone through monolithic alterations and reforms. However, the overall construction of catastrophe direction has by and large remained the same with the cardinal authorities carry throughing the function of coordinator and supplying counsel, while local bureaus and authoritiess cover with and react to catastrophes ( OBrien A ; Read 2005 ) . The construction of BCCM in UK is decentralized. Most exigencies and incidents, based on graduated table or complexness, are handled at local degree with no engagement of Cardinal Government ( Civil Contingencies Secretariat 2009a ) . Local bureaus are ever the first respondents and the 1s who carry the load of exigency direction. In most instances the constabulary are considered one of the taking reacting histrions in local catastrophes. When constabulary are given the undertaking of reacting to catastrophes at the local degree, the Police Gold Commander is appointed by the local Chief Officer with the primary mission of pull offing the response. The impact of the exigencies is within the boundaries or capablenesss of local authorities, appropriate local exigency services and governments are being activated to take control of the state of affairs. However, if the incidents and exigencies are of more eventful impact and casualties, the support, engagement and coordination of Cardinal Government becomes necessary and critical ( Civil Contingencies Secretariat 2009a ) . The coordination and response of Cardinal Government, through appropriate Lead Government Department ( LGD ) , is provided when the impact grade, graduated table and complexness of catastrophes is comparatively difficult to pull off. By the engagement of Cardinal Government, the COBR is being activated to back up coordination and determination devising of LGDs ( Cabinet Office 2005 ) . The LGD or Developed Administration section is being designated, by the Cardinal Government, for overall direction and response to the incidents ( Civil Contingencies Secretariat 2009a ) . Decision Significant structural alterations, historical way of natural and manmade catastrophes, and turning frequence of jeopardies due to planetary clime alteration demonstrates the demand for and importance of effectual exigency direction system in the UK. The type of the jeopardies impacting the UK are rather legion runing from natural, technological, biological, chemical, societal to manmade catastrophes that require corporate action. The UK will go on to confront more terrible challenges in the following few decennaries. The decentralised system and construction of exigency direction enables UK to set up sustained exigency response and support. Changes and betterments, in exigency direction system, that took topographic point in the last decennary focal points on supplying more effectual an in clip response to incidents, including uncertainnesss and menace of terrorist act. While, on the one manus, concentrating on the increased natural menaces and challenges the UK will besides see the menace of intensified manmade incidents as good. The UK authorities, by set uping new bureau with exigency direction focal point, is trusting to supply successful, seasonably, collaborative proviso of support in order to cut down the possible menace to human life and belongings, and set up safe environment for future coevalss. Cardinal authorities and local governments play of import function through coaction and established exigency direction model. Since the hereafter possibility and menace of natural catastrophes is certain, the UK authorities has to be ready and prepared to confront any annihilating challenge.